椎间盘内射频电刺激定位椎间盘源性腰痛责任椎间盘

目的探讨椎间盘内射频电刺激定位椎间盘源性腰痛责任椎间盘的有效性。方法对78例椎间盘源性腰痛患者,在CT引导下通过椎间盘内射频电刺激定位责任椎间盘,根据椎间盘电刺激诱发试验结果分为A组(椎间盘电刺激试验诱发阳性)及B组(椎间盘电刺激试验诱发阴性)。行椎间盘低温等离子纤维环成形术。以疼痛数字评分法(NRS)评价患者疼痛程度,以改良MacNab评分评价术后患者主观满意度,并进行统计学分析。结果 78例中,A组67例,B组11例。2组患者术前NRS评分差异无统计学意义(P0.05),A组术后1周、1个月及6个月NRS评分均较B组减低(P均0.05)。术后1、3、6个月,A组患者MacNab评分优良率均明显高于B组(P均0.05)。术后无严重并发症发生,仅6例出现穿刺点皮下淤血、14例穿刺点局部疼痛,均在术后2周内自行消失。结论椎间盘电刺激诱发试验阳性患者椎间盘低温等离子纤维环成形术后疼痛缓解程度和患者主观满意度更优;椎间盘内射频电刺激有助于准确定位椎间盘源性腰痛责任椎间盘。     

Factors influencing ambulance use in patients with ST-elevation myocardial infarction in Beijing, China

Background Emergency medical service plays a key role in the early recognition and treatment of ST-elevation myocardial infarction （STEMI）, but studies indicate that the patients experiencing STEMI symptoms often fail to call an ambulance as recommended. This study aimed to examine the current ambulance transport frequency and ascertain predictors and reasons for not choosing ambulance transportation by the patients with STEMI in Beijing. Methods A prospective, cross-sectional survey was conducted from January 1,2006 through until June 30, 2007 in two tertiary hospitals in Beijing and included consecutive patients with STEMI admitted within 24 hours of onset of symptoms. Data were collected by structured interviews and medical records review. Results Of the 572 patients, only 172 （30.1%） used an ambulance, and the remaining 400 （69.9%） presented by self-transport. Multivariate analysis showed that age 〈65 years （OR： 1.220; 95% CI： 1.001-2.043）, lower education level （OR： 1.582; 95% CI： 1.003-2.512）, presence of pre-infarction angina （OR： 1.595; 95% CI： 1.086-2.347）, and attribution of symptoms to non-cardiac origin （OR： 1.519; 95% CI： 1.011-2.284） were independent predictors for not using an ambulance. However, history of coronary artery disease （CAD）, dyspnea, perceiving symptoms to be serious, and knowing the meaning of cardiopulmonary resuscitation appeared to be independent predictors of ambulance use. The main reasons for not using an ambulance were convenience and quickness of self-transport and the decreased severity of symptoms. Conclusions A large proportion of patients in Beijing do not call for an ambulance after onset of STEMI symptoms. Several factors including demographics, previous CAD, symptoms and cognitive factors of patients are associated with the ambulance use. The public should be educated that an ambulance is not merely a transportation modality and that it also provides rapid diagnosis and treatment.     

益气逐瘀方对缺氧诱导乳鼠心肌细胞凋亡及miR-24/Bim通路的影响

目的研究益气逐瘀方(参元丹)对缺氧诱导乳鼠心肌细胞凋亡及miR-24/Bim通路的影响。方法分离并培养乳鼠心肌细胞,建立心肌细胞缺氧模型,Lipofectamine2000转染miR-24 mimic/inhibitor至心肌细胞,实验分为正常组、缺氧组、参元丹组、参元丹+miR-24 mimic组、参元丹+miR-24 inhibitor组,治疗组予参元丹含药血清干预。比色法检测心肌细胞培养基上清液LDH、CPK活性,MTT法检测心肌细胞存活率,Annexin V/PI双染流式细胞术检测心肌细胞凋亡,qRT-PCR检测心肌细胞miR-24、Bim mRNA表达。结果与低氧组相比,参元丹组、参元丹+miR-24 mimic组、参元丹+miR-24 inhibitor组均能显著降低细胞培养基上清液LDH、CPK活性(P<0.05),提高心肌细胞存活率(P<0.05),降低心肌细胞凋亡(P<0.05),升高心肌细胞miR-24 mRNA表达(P<0.05),降低Bim mRNA表达(P<0.05);治疗组之间比较,参元丹+miR-24 mimic组作用更显著(P<0.05)。结论益气逐瘀方参元丹能够减轻缺氧诱导乳鼠心肌细胞损伤及细胞凋亡,其作用机制可能与其上调miR-24表达,同时抑制其靶基因Bim mRNA表达有关。     

Characteristics and risk factors of cerebrovascular accidents after percutaneous coronary interventions in patients with history of stroke

Background Percutaneous coronary intervention （PCI） is a well-established method for managing coronary diseases. However, the increasing use of PCI has led to an increased incidence of acute cerebrovascular accidents （CVA） related to PCI. In this study, we investigated the characteristics and risk factors of CVA after PCI in patients with known stroke history. Methods Between January 1, 2005 and March 1, 2009, 621 patients with a history of stroke underwent a total of 665 PCI procedures and were included in this retrospective study. Demographic and clinical characteristics, previous medications, procedures, neurologic deficits, location of lesion and in-hospital clinical outcomes of patients who developed a CVA after the cardiac catheterization laboratory visit and before discharge were reviewed. Results Acute CVA was diagnosed in 53 （8.5%） patients during the operation or the perioperative period. Seventeen patients suffered from transient ischemic attack, thirty-four patients suffered from cerebral infarction and two patients suffered from cerebral hemorrhage. The risk factors for CVA after PCI in stroke patients were： admission with an acute coronary syndrome, use of an intra-aortic balloon pump, urgent or emergency procedures, diabetes mellitus, and poor left ventricular systolic function, arterial fibrillation, previous myocardial infarction, dyslipidemia, tobacco use, and no/irregular use of anti-platelet medications. Conclusions The incidence of CVA during and after PCI in patients with history of stroke is much higher than that in patients without history of stroke. Patients with atrial fibrillation, previous myocardial infarction, diabetes mellitus, dyslipidemia, tobacco use, and no or irregular use of anti-platelet medications were at higher risk for recurrent stroke. This study showed a strong association between acute coronary svndromes and in-hospital stroke after PCI.     

Loeffler endocarditis: magnetic resonance imaging features of pre- and post-operation

Loeffier endocarditis is clinically presented as restrictive cardiomyopathy, which is the least common of the three major categories of cardiomyopathic disorders.1 The endomyocardial fibrosis was considered as its main pathophysiologic changes.24 Generally speaking, the characteristics include thickening of the apex and inflow tracts of one or both ventricles, and the papillary muscle and chordae tendineae also can be involved in some cases.     

卵巢癌患者术前、术后、复发及化疗过程中血清蛋白质差异表达研究

目的探讨卵巢癌患者术前、术后复发及化疗过程中血清蛋白质的变化。方法采用表面增强激光解析/离子化飞行时间质谱(SELDI-TOF-MS)联合CM10蛋白质芯片技术,对就诊于我院并进行手术治疗及术后化疗的9例卵巢癌患者进行跟踪随访收集到的37份血清标本进行检测。结果共获得显著差异表达的蛋白峰7个。1.在卵巢癌术前、术后自身对照研究中,卵巢癌术前组蛋白峰平均强度/卵巢癌术后组蛋白峰平均强度≥2的蛋白峰有1个(1452.58Da),说明该蛋白峰在卵巢癌术前组中高表达。卵巢癌术前组蛋白峰平均强度/卵巢癌术后组蛋白峰平均强度≤0.5的蛋白峰有4个(8785.20,1659.79Da,4253.91Da,5603.31Da),其中m/z为8785.20的蛋白峰与Apo C-Ⅲ的质核比相符。说明该蛋白峰在卵巢癌术前组中低表达。2.在卵巢癌术前、术后及复发组对照研究中,差异表达明显的蛋白峰有2个,其中m/z7991.89Da的蛋白峰术前、术后及复发时的蛋白质平均强度分别为14.67、5.75、12.28(P值=0.002);m/z 8093.54Da的蛋白峰术前、术后及复发时的蛋白质平均强度分别为3.12、0.71、2.81(P值=0.002)。结论 7个差异表达峰与卵巢癌发生、发展相关,有望成为有价值的卵巢癌的诊断尤其卵巢癌术后及复发的监测的标志物。     

Oxidative stress and peripheral skeletal muscle dysfunction in rats with emphysema

Background Peripheral skeletal muscle dysfunction in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease （COPD） may be due to the disease per se or as a result of concomitant confounding factors. Although the mechanistic basis for this functional impairment is uncertain, oxidative stress may play a role. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether local oxidative stress is associated with the reduced peripheral skeletal muscle performance in rats with emphysema. Methods In situ mechanical properties of gastrocnemius were measured in Sprague-Dawley rats 5 months after intratracheal instillation of either elastase （EMP, n=-10） or normal saline （CON, n=10）. Lipofuscin inclusions, myocyte apoptosis and antioxidant enzyme activities were examined in the gastrocnemius muscle. Results Lipofuscin inclusions were significantly higher in the gastrocnemius muscle of EMP compared with CON （3.2_--,-0.4 vs. 1.7_＋0.4, P〈0.01 ）. The activities of antioxidant enzymes were significantly increased in muscle homogenates of EMP as compared to CON. No significant differences were found in myocyte apoptosis between EMP and CON （1.2±0.9 vs. 1.0±0.8, P 〉0.05）. EMP decreased the fatigue endurance of gastrocnemius muscle （half-time to fatigue recovery： （150.0±55.4） seconds vs. （55.2±29.3） seconds, P 〈0.01） and had no effect on maximal tetanic force （（467.4±36.6） g vs. （493.2±30.5） g, P 〉0.05）. A significantly positive correlation was found between the level of lipofuscin inclusions and the half-time to fatigue recovery of gastrocnemius muscle in EMP （r=0.664, P 〈0.05）. Conclusion Local oxidative stress may have important functional consequences for peripheral skeletal muscle in rats with EMP.     

医患关系紧张的心理成因及对策研究

随着前些年“医疗服务市场化”现象的出现，引发了医患双方很多心理上的不适应。“角色冲突”的压力、社会舆论的导向等因素引发了医护人员的道德焦虑；而经济因素的介入、医患之间的沟通质量不佳等因素，又使得医患之间信任度下降。改善医患关系的心理对策应在国家卫生政策适时调整的前提下，从导致医患关系紧张的心理成因入手，采取有针对性的措施和手段，平复医患双方焦虑、多疑等失衡的心态，促进其医患关系良性发展。     

医患关系调查中知情同意与隐私保护问题的伦理探究

通过对全国十个城市医患关系现状的典型调查，从伦理学的视角对医患关系中知情同意与隐私的状况进行剖析。探究医患关系中尊重的伦理内涵，并提出相关对策。